Bactrim



 
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Bactrim - Basic Information

 

Indication of Bactrim:

Used for the treatment of infections caused by pathogens susceptible to a combination of the antibiotics sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) Including: upper and lower respiratory tract, renal and urinary tract infections, genital tract infections, gastrointestinal tract infections, skin and wound infections and septicaemias

Action of Bactrim:

Microbiology. Cotrimoxazole is a synthetic antibacterial combination that inhibits bacterial biosynthesis at two consecutive steps. It is active against a variety of Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens. Pharmacokinetics. Cotrimoxazole is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-4 hours. The mean half lives of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole are 10 and 8-10 hours respectively. Cotrimoxazole components both show good distribution to body compartments and both cross the placenta. 50-70% of the trimethoprim dose and 10-30% of the sulfamethoxazole dose is excreted uncharged, chiefly in the urine. Some trimethoprim metabolites are active, however sulfamethoxazole metabolites are inactive.

Dose Advice of Bactrim:

Adults. ½ - 1 ½ Bactrim DS (double strength = 160 mg trimethoprim + 800 mg sulfamethoxazole) tablets, twice daily. Documented Pneumocystic carinii pneumonitis: trimethoprim 20 mg/kg and sulfamethoxazole 100 mg/kg/24 hrs. Given as equally divided doses every six hours for 14 days. Children <12 years. <2 years: 25 mL Bactrim syrup twice daily. 2-5 years: 25 - 5 mL of syrup twice daily. 6 – 12 years: 5 – 10 mL of syrup twice daily. Patients with reduced renal function. Serum creatinine (micromol/L) can be used to guide treatment in chronic renal insufficiency. Serum Creatinine: Men < 265-620; Women < 180-400: 1 standard dose every 12 hours for 3 days; followed by 1 standard dose every 24 hours, as long as allowed by control analysis. Serum creatinine: Men > 620; Women > 400: Bactrim use not recommended

Schedule of Bactrim:

S4

Common side effects of Bactrim:

Nausea and Vomiting Anorexia Allergic skin reactions.

Uncommon side effects of Bactrim:

Mild, transient blood dyscrasias Hyperkalemia (especially in patients with renal insufficiency) Drug feverChills PhotosensitivityHeadache VertigoDizzinessApathyDepressionWeakness FatigueInsomnia HypoglycemiaArthralgiaMyalgia Fungal infections such as candidiasis.

Diseases treated by Bactrim:

Acne Shigellosis (Bacillary Dysentery)